Stomach acids, also known as gastric acids, are manufactured in the stomach and aid in proper digestion. In healthy people, the muscles of the esophogus ensure that the acid remains in the stomach, preventing it from migrating up into the throat. A breakdown in this delicate system can lead to health conditions such as laryngopharyngeal reflux, which can cause some uncomfortable symptoms.
Identification
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a condition that is characterized by the backup of stomach acid into the throat. In some cases the stomach acid may creep so far up the sphincter (muscles in the upper esophogus) that it enters the throat and nasal passages. According to the American Academy of Otoranology---Head and Neck Surgery, LPR can occur in people of any age group or gender.
Symptoms
The symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux usually begin with a burning sensation and a feeling that something is lodged in the throat. As the condition advances, breathing difficulties may occur. According to UT Health Science Center, School of Medicine in San Antonio Texas, patients who are diagnosed with LPR also may show signs of chronic cough, hoarseness, sore throat, nasal drip, vocal problems and trouble swallowing.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux usually involves the use of a flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope that enables a physician to peer into the throat and voice box. The areas of the throat and voice box in LPR patients are usually red and inflamed. A 24-hour pH monitoring test also may be ordered by the attending physician, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians.
Treatment
UC Davis Health Systems explains that treatments for LPR may include surgery, medication or both. Behavior modifications such as weight loss and dietary changes such as the reduction or elimination of fatty foods and caffeinated beverages, also may be recommended. Medications to treat laryngopharyngeal reflux include antacids, H2 blockers (acid reducers) and proton pump inhibitors, which reduce the production of gastric acid.
Prevention
Otolaryngologist Dr. Mike Roberts explains that there are changes that patients can make to reduce the symptoms that are associated with LPR. He recommends avoiding wearing clothing that is restrictive in the stomach area and avoiding activities that involve continuous stooping---each can put added strain on the abdomen and cause symptoms of LPR. Roberts also suggests elevating the head while sleeping, avoiding tobacco and alcohol use and chewing food properly before swallowing.
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